the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet

Instead, it measures how quickly people make judgments about the goodness or badness of various groups. In-group favoritism is an ambiguous form of bias because it disfavors the outgroup by exclusion. Model: Je vais visiter\ldots Je vais voir\ldots Je vais (faire)\ldots, Search words: myswitzerland.com: une histoire d'eau June 7, 2022 1 Views. C) a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals. After discussing why each of them believes this to be so, they all conclude that Ms. Akey is definitely a much better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. A., & Mellott, D. S. (2002). We study in-group favouritism and out-group discrimination in a multiplayer dictator game in a naturally occuring group setting. b. there is no physiological basis for aggression in humans. For example, imagine that a person believes left-handed people are more creative than right-handed people. Unfortunately, problems can also arise from our tendency to categorize. With this preferential perspective for ones own group, people are not punishing the other one so much as neglecting it in favor of their own. The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction. For example, someone high in SDO would likely be upset if someone from an outgroup moved into her neighborhood. This effect has been researched by many psychologists and linked to many theories related to group . The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. c. the social-responsibility norm. What causes a gain or loss on the sale of a bond investment? Peoples identities are multifaceted, intersecting across gender, race, class, age, region, and more. 6. c. deindividuation. His action is best explained in terms of the, Aggression-replacement programs are most likely to advise parents to avoid, In contrast to watching violence on television, participating in violent video games involves, The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people. The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group: Term. these group categories that he fits into are his _____., an ___ is a large amount of people that perceive themselves as different from/ apart from their ingroup and more. The jury deliberated on the rape case for over 8 hours. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias, the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get, physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone, the principle that frustrationthe blocking of an attempt to achieve some goalcreates anger, which can generate aggression, the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them, an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship, the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined, a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it, revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others, unselfish regard for the welfare of others, the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present, the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs, an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them, an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them, a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas, a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior, mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive, shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation, Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reductiona strategy designed to decrease international tensions. They prescribe "proper" behavior. a. more; less An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Twenty Wallonians were arrested for nonviolent crimes, whereas 20 Pireaneans were arrested for violent crimes. As a result, outgroup disliking stems from this in-group liking (Brewer & Brown, 1998). . Reduction in feelings of personal burden in the presence of others. The frustration-aggression principle most clearly applies to individuals with higher-than-average levels of: Around nine-in-ten Americans favor some form of marijuana legalization, according to an April 2021 Pew Research Center survey.An overwhelming majority of U.S. adults (91%) say either that marijuana should be legal for medical and recreational use (60%) or that it should be legal for medical use only (31%).Just 8% say the drug should not be legal in any form. The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined. People higher on SDO tend to choose and thrive in occupations that maintain existing group hierarchies (police, prosecutors, business), compared to those lower in SDO, who tend to pick more equalizing occupations (social work, public defense, psychology). This is an example of: Elena's boss fires her because he is downsizing his company. c. Conflict The finding that the greater the number of people who witness an emergency, the less likely any one of them is to help, the tendency for individuals to increase their liking for something they have worked hard to attain, apprehension about confirming negative stereotypes related to one's own group, the tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic. An example of the fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the extent to which others' behavior is influenced by: Politicians who publicly oppose a tax increase that they privately favor best illustrate that, That actions may sometimes be inconsistent with attitudes, The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by, The set of prescribed behaviors associated with a particular social position is best described as, Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. The tendency to favor their ingroup develops quickly in young children, increasing up to about six years of age, and almost immediately begins to influence their behavior (Aboud, 2003; Aboud & Amato, 2001). Finally, the tendency to categorize can be associated with discrimination. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like True or false: Prejudice definitions can include positive or negative judgments., Prejudice is having a negative attitude toward groups or individuals, whereas _____ is when those attitudes turn into behaviors toward the group or individual., In the context of the world, every race is a: and more. In the context of distinctiveness, you are most likely to introduce your roommate to your friends as: When the British made a group of German civilians walk through a concentration camp at the close of World War II, one German responded: "What terrible criminals these prisoners must have been to receive such treatment." However, regardless of political ideology, RWA focuses on competing frameworks of values. People have always and still do openly dehumanize outgroup members and harbor hostile attitudes toward them. These types of stereotypes were overt, unapologetic, and expected to be shared by otherswhat we now call blatant biases. They were generalizations about a group, since most of the college students did not interact with people from Turkey. frustration-aggression principle., The tendency to favor one's own group, the group with whom we share a common identity, is called: a. a social trap. ____________ can be defined as any physical or verbal behavior that is intended to hurt or destroy. Aggression Although categorizing can be useful, it can also result in serious and negative consequences when labels are associated with a person or groups worth. a. cognitive dissonance. The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the: "Teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to stress. Tensions between, say, a White persons own good intentions, on the one hand, and discomfort with closely interacting with a Black person, on the other hand, may cause the White person to behave stiffly or be distracted. The IAT measures how quickly you can sort words or pictures into different categories. B) self-serving bias. (tn dn si) n., pl. For example, the SDO gender difference (men higher, women lower) appears all over the world. Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others. For example, authoritarian leaders tend to allocate more national resources to members of their own tribe, religious sect, or political party. b. "teachers" actually seemed to enjoy shocking the "learners.". The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. Such a reaction will be ambiguous to both parties and difficult to interpret. B) Having the belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group. HLT. 30. What are the demand functions in this case? d. encouraging them to engage in more thoughtful moral reasoning. a. deindividuation. Impact. Joie, age 19, is a Black female university sophomore. 1. View Essay - chapter_12 from HLT 1353 at University of Houston. Being aware of our own tendency to fixate on the negative is also important. c. outgroup bias. Blatant bias is not a thing of the past, however. People who score higher on the scale show more ingroup favoritism in comparison with those who score lower on it (Stangor & Thompson, 2002). The stereotype content model attends to two major dimensions of evaluating other people: warmth and competence. Explanation: It is not true that narcissism is the tendency to view one's own culture or group as superior to others. Confirmation bias occurs from the direct influence of desire on beliefs. An increase in ________ has been followed by more positive attitudes between South African Whites and Blacks. For example, by crediting the ingroup for its successes, while blaming external factors for its failures. Returning to an example from earlier, the homeowner high in SDO may dislike the outgroup member moving into her neighborhood because it threatens ones economic resources (e.g. Because the attributes of group categories can be either good or bad, we tend to favor the groups with people like us and incidentally disfavor the others. In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as . divided her class into blue eyes and brown eyes to teach her kids about discrimination. Social identity theory (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) describes this tendency to favor one's own in-group over another's outgroup. Word, C. O., Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. Understand 21st century biases that may break down as identities get more complicated. maxxa+ysubjecttopx+y=m. The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. For example, ethnic Asians living in the United States are commonly referred to as the model minority because of their perceived success in areas such as education, income, and social stability. This experiment best illustrated the impact of, The discomfort we feel when 2 thoughts are inconsistent is called, Unconsciously mimicking those around us is known as the, We tend to feel cheerful around happy people and sad around depressed people. Rudman, L. A., & Ashmore, R. D. (2007). In other words, ingroup bias denotes positive feelings towards one's ingroup, while outgroup bias denotes negative feelings towards outgroups. It was considered acceptable to openly disparage entire groups of people and to pass laws that restricted or harmed these groups. other-race effect: the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. However, to justify preferential treatment, people often exaggerate the differences between their in-group and an outgroup. Use each of these words in a sentence that reflects the word's meaning in the chapter. The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. The point is that SDOa preference for inequality as normal and naturalalso predicts endorsing the superiority of certain groups: men, native-born residents, heterosexuals, and believers in the dominant religion. By understanding this natural human tendency, you can focus on finding ways to cut other people a break and to stop expecting the worst. View quiz 5 psych 312.docx from PSYCH 312 at Liberty University. Thus, those high inSDO see groups as battling each other for these resources, with winners at the top of the social hierarchy and losers at the bottom (see Table 1). C) Having an unreasonable fear of those who are different from you. When she gets home in the evening, she criticizes her friend's choice of restaurant for dinner. Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Psychological impact of anti-Asian stigma due to COVID-19 pandemic: A call for research, practice, and policy responses. Spontaneously, people categorize people into groups just as we categorize furniture or food into one type or another. What is the correct present tense conjugation of the verb? They are automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent, but nonetheless biased, unfair, and disrespectful to a belief in equality. b. egocentrism.c. We categorize people according to their citizenship, gender, allegiance to a sports team, and university affiliation, among other qualities. When it comes time to categorize ice cream as good or bad, you may still categorize it as good, but you will likely be a little slowerperhaps even fractions of a second slower-- in arriving at this judgment. And whether you recognize this favoritism as wrong, this trade-off is relatively automatic (unintended,immediate, and irresistible). Only when research participants were informed that a woman was raped did they perceive the woman's behavior as inviting rape. Early. This finding is an example of: In Europe, prejudice is often greater among those whose positive self-image is threatened. : Men are more intelligent. What connection has been found in experiments exploring self-image and prejudice? which people belonged to were an important source of pride and self-esteem. The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through group discussion is called, Nora, Ko, Ian, and May each think that Ms. Akey may be a slightly better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. How is it that entire groups of people were left out of political participation, justice, and freedom? An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them. What is a FALSE statement regarding the research on microaggressions. During lunch a group of computer science majors were discussing their choice of field. Examined the impact of social roles and authority on behavior with his famous Stanford Prison experiment. She tends to overpraise his achievements in order to avoid appearing biased. Her explanation for the accident provides and example of. Manson, J. H. (2020). Indicators of aversive racism correlate with discriminatory behavior, despite being the ambiguous result of good intentions gone bad. The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognition) are inconsistent. This statement best reflects the: Victoria is a fifth grader in Carson Elementary School. Unselfish regard for the welfare of others. Intergroup bias. does not simply mean taking pride in one's group; it also involves asserting the group's superiority over other groups. Studies have revealed diminished activity in the ________ of violent criminals. Distinguish blatant biases from subtle biases. After meeting Kim, who has a 4.0 GPA and volunteers 20 hours each week to help disabled children, Beth says "Well, Kim is an exception to the rule." (Fiske, Cuddy, & Glick, 2007). These two simple dimensionswarmth and competencetogether map how groups relate to each other in society. The process of pursuing our full potential is what he called the actualizing tendency. CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. D) the belief that victims of misfortune deserve their fate. Understand biases such as social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism. a. human aggression is an unlearned instinct. Unjustified negative action towards a member of a group because they belong to that group. hide 31 types. One example of ratee bias is egocentric bias, which is best described as the tendency to: a. evaluate one; The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others is: A) consistency. Male 1: Maybe more than anybody else. ethnocentrism.d. Meta-analysis of predictive validity. "Us"people with whom we share a common identity. The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation (external) or the person's disposition (internal). One aggression-replacement program has brought down re-arrest rates of juvenile offenders by: Brewer, M. B., & Brown, R. J. Research on the biology of aggression has clearly demonstrated that: This best illustrates that victim blaming is fueled by: b. the mere exposure effect. d. sensory cortex. Social comparison and social identity: Some prospects for intergroup behaviour. Flashcards, matching, concentration, and word search. the preference for order, clarity, and conventional values) and conservative beliefs. The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. Stereotypes are biased thoughts about a person due to the incorrect belief that the category accurately describes them. . RWA respects group unity over individual preferences, wanting to maintain group values in the face of differing opinions. The tendency to favor one's own . For example, if two classes of children want to play on the same soccer field, the classes will come to dislike each other not because of any real, objectionable traits about the other group. At the time it was written, however, women and minorities (especially enslaved people) were not included in this sentiment. A specific case of comfort with the ingroup is called aversive racism, so-called because people do not like to admit their own racial biases to themselves or others (Dovidio & Gaertner, 2010). b. How often do you hear people criticizing groups without knowing anything about them? d. father care. This experiment was designed to study the factors that contribute to, The affectionate attachment that keeps a relationship going after passionate feelings cool is known as, Natasha and Dimitri have a fulfilling marital relationship because they readily confide their deepest hopes and fears to each other. The scale, from Luhtanen and Crocker (1992), is shown in Table 12.2 "The Collective Self-Esteem Scale". In political science, Duverger's law holds that single-ballot majoritarian elections with single-member districts (such as first past the post) tend to favor a two-party system.The discovery of this tendency is attributed to Maurice Duverger, a French sociologist who observed the effect and recorded it in several papers published in the 1950s and 1960s. Social identity theory (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) describes this tendency to favor ones own in-group over anothers outgroup. Like stereotypes, prejudice is a bias against people based on their group membership. an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Bodenhausen, G. V., & Peery, D. (2009). This behavior is best explained in terms of: Your textbook defines _____ as a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people. d. ingroup bias., Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. Researchers suggested three possible reasons that why watching TV is negatively linked to children's achievement. e. Essentialism. This episode provides an example of, A business leader who welcomes a variety of opinions from subordinates and invites experts' critiques of her company's developing plans is most likely to inhibit. swissworld: paysages, Pregntale a otro(a) estudiante qu pide en un restaurante en las siguientes situaciones. Discrimination and the implicit association test. Identities are not so simple, but maybe as the 21st century unfurls, we will recognize each other by the content of our individual character instead of against the backdrop of stereotypes. Narcissism is the tendency to view one's own culture or group as superior to others is a false statement. Racial stereotypes of one hundred college students. Devine, P. G. (1989). Its not that the person high in SDO wants to control what this outgroup member does; its that moving into this nice neighborhood disrupts the social hierarchy the person high in SDO believes in (i.e. First, there is the problem of stereotyping. nearness; the greater the exposure one has to another person, the more one generally comes to like that person. This includes interference, displacement, and Stereotypes are the _______ component of a negative attitude towards a group of people. According to Lyons et al. Hanna is a supervisor in the production unit of a textile company. It applies U.S. GAAP and reports in U.S. dollars. In the United States, for instance, waves of new immigrants such as Chinese people, Irish people, and Italians, were met with open hostility, with attitudes often shifting to the most recent group of immigrants. Categories, then, are becoming more and more uncertain, unclear, volatile, and complex (Bodenhausen & Peery, 2009). Psychology questions and answers. Some of the jurors commented on the rape victim's history of going out to various bars and they said she had been dressed too provocatively; in other words, "looking like that," she had asked to be assaulted. The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation (external) or the person's disposition (internal). At another end of the spectrum are homeless people and drug addicts, stereotyped as not having good intentions (perhaps untrustworthy) and likewise being incompetent (unable) to do anything useful. People are often biased against others outside of their own social group, showing prejudice (emotional bias), stereotypes (cognitive bias), and discrimination (behavioral bias). D) the belief that victims of misfortune deserve their fate. (1998). Then create a word search puzzle using the sentences-without the word as clues. Being audience-centered means a speaker must sacrifice what she or he really believes to get a favorable response from . They are excited on the morning of the competition because they both believe that their team is going to win since they are the better team. d. They have relatively high levels of serotonin and high levels of testosterone. Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation. The tendency to favor an idea, person, or thing over another is known as Multiple Choice rebuttal. python 3d scatter plot with labels; You are Black, and you have difficulty recognizing the White customers who were in your store during a robbery. (1974). scapegoat theory: the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. What term best describes Elena's behavior? Whereas SDO emphasizes potential economic conflicts, RWA focuses on value conflicts. As the world becomes more interconnectedmore collaborations between countries, more intermarrying between different groupsmore and more people are encountering greater diversity of others in everyday life. a. This example is an illustration of: If researchers found that people take longer to identify words such as assertive and bold as "strong" when the words are associated with female faces rather than with male faces, this finding would illustrate: Comparisons of identical and fraternal twins highlight the impact of ________ on aggression. The larger issue, however, is that own-group preference often results in liking other groups less. The difference is that we categories ourselves, as self-categorization theory points out (Turner, 1975). 1. d. women tend to share similar attitudes about sex. HLT 1353. chapter_12_answers - CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. In some countries, women who have been raped are sometimes sentenced to punishment for having violated a law against adultery. Where slavery was practiced, prejudice ran strong. Outgroup bias is the tendency to dislike or belittle members of groups that we don't identify with.

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